Mind-blowing brain discovery

Scientists reveal the human brain is two separate organs that have been packaged together.

“Now we have a model to better understand these devastating diseases, and work toward regenerative therapies for them.”

Two distinct brain systems

The hindbrain regulates automatic functions like breathing and heartbeat while the forebrain handles higher-level thinking.

Evolutionary history

The two brain systems developed independently millions of years ago but work together seamlessly.

Gene differences

Developing cells in the hindbrain express Gbx2 while forebrain cells express Otx2.

Lab breakthrough

Researchers created functional hindbrain motor neurons for the first time in a petri dish.

Disease implications

This discovery could lead to research on motor neurone diseases like ALS and spinal muscular atrophy.

Evolutionary pattern

The same two-origin brain pattern exists in chickens, zebrafish, and acorn worms.

Research significance

This knowledge allows scientists to grow hindbrain neurons and study their functions in the lab.

Future applications

The research could lead to regenerative therapies for motor neurone diseases.

Historical context

Motor neurone disease (MND) was first discovered in 1865 by French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot.

Disease impact

Nearly 90% of MND patients have the mixed ALS form of the disease.

Symptoms

Early symptoms include slurred speech, muscle cramps, and difficulty swallowing.

Treatment challenges

There is no cure for MND, and patients typically live two to five years after symptoms begin.

Research implications

This discovery could help develop therapies for motor neurone diseases.