From Foreign Policy · Ariane Tabatabai, Julia Curlee · · 4m
How the Iran War Was Lost in Washington
A seventh-month war costing a billion dollars a day was decided long before the first strike, inside gutted American institutions.
In brief
A seventh-month war costing a billion dollars a day was decided long before the first strike, inside gutted American institutions. You cannot fire the people who plan, warn, and end wars and still expect to plan, warn, or end one. Originally reported by Foreign Policy.
Seven months, no win
The U.S.-Israeli campaign against Iran has run past half a year, costing roughly $1 billion a day in heavy fighting. The world's strongest military has not hit its goals.
Four weeks became forever
Trump promised the war would take four to five weeks. Past that deadline, he swapped maximalist aims for terms worse than the situation before a shot was fired.
Iran holds the clock
A harder-line Tehran still controls the Strait of Hormuz. Washington picked the time, place, and manner of the war, but Iran now decides when and how it ends.
Not a military failure

By some of his own staff's accounts, the war has failed. The capability was there. What was missing sat in Washington, not in the theater.
Nineteen months of demolition
The defeat was secured at home: a gutted National Security Council, purged military leadership, politicized intelligence, and a Congress that never asserted itself.
Activists in, analysts out
Outside advisors, relatives, and self-appointed internet personalities filled the vacuum. Their lists of "enemies within" reached the president's desk. Intelligence assessments did not.
The NSC's smallest staff since Eisenhower
Three purges in 2025 stripped out career professionals on loan from other agencies, leaving fewer than 50 policy experts to coordinate every instrument of national power.
Twelve days on the job
When the June 2025 strikes on Iran's nuclear sites began, the senior director for Middle East policy had been in the role under two weeks. His team had just gone from 10 officers to five.
The meetings that never resumed
The chief of staff suspended the interagency sessions where ambition meets logistics and timelines. Making the secretary of state double as national security advisor finished the job.
“the planning falls apart”
Hormuz surprised no one but them
Decades of war games ended with Iran closing the strait. Trump admitted his administration did not see it coming, then improvised a response in real time.
Half a million Americans stranded
The U.S. went to war with no charter flights and no departure advisories. State waited two days to tell citizens to leave, by which point regional airspace had closed.
Allies said no
Germany, France, and Britain started evacuating their nationals within hours. Consulted about none of it, every major NATO ally later refused to send minesweepers into the strait.
From Mattis to a Fox host
The first term brought in a retired four-star. The second put the Pentagon under Pete Hegseth, whose military career ended at major and who had never run a planning process.
Firing the top brass
Trump dismissed the Joint Chiefs chairman without stated cause, along with the chief of naval operations and the military's most senior lawyers. Decades of expertise walked out.
Promoted for agreeing
Gen. Dan Caine rose as a less qualified officer seen as less likely to contradict the president. Everyone who advanced understood what candor had cost the people they replaced.
Mass email for a war plan
With civilians sidelined and staff under constant threat of firing, Pentagon leadership emailed the whole workforce asking for ideas to break the stalemate in the strait.
Silence as the price of work
Former officials who could testify to the planning failures stay quiet. Speaking up costs them employment at the D.C.-area firms that contract with the government.
Not an intelligence failure
Analysts were not wrong. Policymakers blocked the warnings the president did not want, cast the agencies as a "deep state," and set out to put civil servants in trauma.
“in trauma”
Punished for being right
Gabbard politicized intelligence and fired officials who gave honest assessments. The DIA director was removed after his damage estimates undercut Trump's claims about the nuclear strikes.
Planes do not land themselves

A government that punishes warning receives none, then walks into the crisis it forbade anyone to predict. This is what happens when you fire the air traffic controllers.
“A government that punishes warning gets none”
What matters most
You cannot fire the people who plan, warn, and end wars and still expect to plan, warn, or end one.



