From Foreign Policy · Stephen M. Walt · · 4m
What Machiavelli Would Say About Trump
A Harvard professor applies Renaissance political theory to show how Trump violates nearly every principle of effective leadership.
In brief
A Harvard professor applies Renaissance political theory to show how Trump violates nearly every principle of effective leadership. Trump fails at Machiavelli's core lesson: a leader must appear virtuous and act with purpose for the state, not personal gain. Originally reported by Foreign Policy.
Fear fades when leaders blunder
Machiavelli said a prince should be feared rather than loved, but Trump's erratic foreign policy and broken agreements have undermined his ability to intimidate other nations. Countries now band together against him instead of fearing him.
“it is better to be feared than loved”
Unreliable threats lose their power
When a leader tears up agreements months after making them, nobody wants to negotiate with him. Trump's inconsistency has made his threats meaningless to foreign powers.
Worse than feared: hated

Machiavelli warned that a prince could end up hated or despised. Trump has enriched himself at public expense, undermined Americans' well-being, and his predatory behavior toward women has fueled deep hatred among many citizens.
Changeability breeds contempt
Machiavelli said a prince becomes despicable by appearing changeable and irresolute. Trump's constant vacillations have made him look weak to stronger leaders like Xi Jinping, while those who initially bent the knee to him now appear foolish.
“rendered despicable by being thought changeable, frivolous, effeminate, timid, and irresolute”
Fiscal recklessness destroys power
Machiavelli advised princes to manage finances prudently and not exhaust resources through generosity, which forces them to impose heavy taxes and provoke hatred. Trump runs huge deficits, subsidizes his own golf trips, and proposed bribing Americans with five thousand dollar checks.
Illegal vote buying with taxpayer money
Trump's promise to pay Americans five thousand dollars to vote for his party would be illegal and would amount to bribing citizens with their own money while increasing the deficit further.
Military ignorance leads to disaster
Machiavelli said a prince must understand military power and its limits. Trump, a draft dodger, appointed an incompetent defense secretary and assigned key diplomatic roles to his untrained son-in-law and a real estate lawyer.
The Iran war proves the point
Trump's disastrous war with Iran shows what happens when a leader ignores military strategy. He failed to assess the pros and cons of war, now faces an unwinnable conflict, and has damaged the world economy and America's Middle East position.
Justice must have legitimate reason
Machiavelli said a prince may punish harshly but only with proper justification, not for personal revenge. Trump weaponized the Justice Department to pursue vendettas against Jack Smith, James Comey, Anthony Fauci, and others.
Arbitrary cruelty provokes hatred
Machiavelli opposed using punishment for selfish or personal reasons because it provokes public hatred. Trump's campaign of revenge against perceived enemies violates this core principle of legitimate rule.
Deception requires concealment
Machiavelli said a prince may sometimes break his word, but must appear virtuous and conceal his true nature. A successful prince must be a great feigner and dissembler, seeming merciful and faithful even when acting otherwise.
“a great feigner and dissembler”
The mask has slipped badly

Trump's political success relied on convincing people he was something he was not. But his public mask has cracked repeatedly, as when he told reporters he did not care about affordability or Americans' financial situation.
“I don't think about Americans' financial situation. I don't think about anybody.”
The end must justify the means
Machiavelli believed the end justifies the means only when the end is morally defensible, like preserving the state. A wise prince acts badly only when necessary, not for personal amusement or profit.
“One must learn how not to be good, and to use this knowledge and not use it, according to the necessity of the case”
Trump serves only himself
Trump has violated Machiavelli's principle by using power for personal enrichment rather than state preservation. He has increased his family's wealth by over two billion dollars while building a new White House ballroom and plastering his name on public buildings.
America weakened, not strengthened
Trump's presidency has not made America greater. The country is more divided at home, more corrupt, less creditworthy, and much less admired abroad. Long-term future is compromised as he dismantles global partnerships and damages scientific institutions.
Machiavelli preferred republics
Machiavelli was actually a strong proponent of republican government, not princely rule. He wrote The Prince as an unsuccessful job application to the Medici family, not as his ideal form of government.
A cautionary tale for republics
Were Machiavelli alive today, he would likely see Trump as proof that a well-ordered republic is preferable to rule by an erratic and self-absorbed leader. Trump would serve as Exhibit A for what a prince should not do.
At a glance
Trump fails at Machiavelli's core lesson: a leader must appear virtuous and act with purpose for the state, not personal gain.





