# Three Natural Wealth Paradoxes: Reform Work Unfinished

> Indonesia's green promises clash with black coal reliance, unprocessed exports, and oligarchic democracy.
- Title: Three Natural Wealth Paradoxes: Reform Work Unfinished
- Summary: Indonesia's green promises clash with black coal reliance, unprocessed exports, and oligarchic democracy.
- Keywords: reformasi, natural wealth, green promises, coal dependence, unprocessed exports, oligarchic democracy, indonesia, Republika Online
- Source: Republika Online — https://opini.republika.co.id/berita/to9wgj415/tiga-paradoks-kekayaan-alam-pekerjaan-rumah-reformasi-yang-belum-selesai
- Published: 2026-11-10T06:24:19+00:00
- Read time: 1 min
- Topics: reformasi, natural wealth, green promises, coal dependence, unprocessed exports, oligarchic democracy, indonesia, news
## Paradox One: Green Promises vs Black Coal
Indonesia has committed to net zero emissions by 2060 and carbon absorption by 2030 but still relies on coal for electricity.

> Indonesia telah mengesahkan Persetujuan Paris melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2016
## Paradox Two: Hilirisasi Under Legal Challenges
Indonesia's mineral processing laws face trade disputes as the EU challenges exports of nickel, but processing still benefits foreign capital.

> Panel memenangkan Uni Eropa pada akhir 2022
## Paradox Three: Oligarchic Democracy
Indonesia's natural resource policies are shaped by oligarchs who influence laws through elections and rapid legislation during the pandemic.

> Pada masa Reformasi, mereka bersaing dalam arena pemilihan umum, membiayai partai dan kandidat
## Why Reform Work Remains Unfinished
Without clear legal decisions on coal plants, technology transfer, and local labor, Indonesia's green promises remain unfulfilled.
## The Unfinished Reform
Indonesia's natural wealth reforms face three paradoxes that prevent progress: green commitments versus coal dependence, unprocessed exports, and oligarchic democracy.
## Key takeaway

Indonesia's natural wealth reforms face three paradoxes: green commitments versus coal dependence, unprocessed exports, and oligarchic democracy.